Kontribusi Abu Yusuf dalam Teori Pasar Islam Klasik: Relevansi untuk Analisis Ekonomi Modern

Abstract

Throughout its history, Islam has produced numerous pioneers of knowledge from the classical era, and the fruits of these scholars’ thoughts continue to be felt today. One such Islamic economic thinker from theclassical period was Abu Yusuf, who, through his work Kitab al-Kharaj, articulated his ideas concerning state revenue sources such as ghanimah, fai, kharaj, jizyah, and shadaqah. Abu Yusuf also offered opinions regargding market mechanisms, stating that a low supply of goods does not always lead to price increases. Conversely, an abundan supply of good does not necessarily result in lower prices. This view by Abu Yusuf also indicates that he refuted the common understanding of the law of demand, which posits that if the price of a commodity rises, it will be met with a decrease in the quantity purchased, and vice versa. Abu Yusuf also opposed rulers who set prices (ta’sir). He emphasized that rulers have an obligation to ensure the market is free from hoarding, monopoly, and other corrupt practices. Abu Yusuf’s stance and thoughts on price setting align with and remain relevant to current goverment actions, albeit with some adjustments. Today’s goverment, as belived by Abu Yusuf, acts as a regulator ensuring market fairness, preventing monopolistic and exploitative practicesm and maintaining price stability, while considering the context of modern ecnomics and the challenges faced.